ONDCP found that, between 19, Americans spent $57.3 billion on drugs, broken down as follows : $38 billion on cocaine, $9.6 billion on heroin, $7 billion on marijuana, and $2.7 billion on other illegal drugs and on the misuse of legal drugs Īfrican use & knowledge Scientific pre-clinical (animals ) 1980’s - present Semi clinical settings (with doctors) 1993 - present Data from Clinical trials– yet to arrive Underground treatments 1988-present Ibogaine Data Evolution 1. The White House Office of National Drug Control Policy ( ONDCP )** conducted a study to determine how much money is spent on illegal drugs that otherwise would support legitimate spending or savings by the user in the overall economy. Most of the remaining costs resulted from premature deaths ( 14.9 percent ), lost productivity due to drug - related illness ( 14.5 percent ), and healthcare expenditures ( 10.2 percent ). These costs included: lost productivity of victims and incarcerated perpetrators of drug - related crime ( 20.4 percent ) lost legitimate production due to drug - related crime careers ( 19.7 percent ) and other costs of drug - related crime, including Federal drug traffic control, property damage, and police, legal, and corrections services ( 18.4 percent ). More than half of the estimated costs of drug abuse were associated with drug - related crime. The study also determined that these costs are borne primarily by governments ( 46 percent ), followed by those who abuse drugs and members of their households ( 44 percent) 1992 cost estimate has increased 50 percent over the cost estimate from 1985 four primary contributors to this increase were : the epidemic of heavy cocaine use the HIV epidemic an eightfold increase in state and Federal incarcerations for drug offenses, and a threefold increase in crimes attributed to drugs. This estimate includes substance abuse treatment and prevention costs as well as other healthcare costs, costs associated with reduced job productivity or lost earnings, and other costs to society such as crime and social welfare. Of this cost, $97.7 billion * was due to drug abuse. NIDA Info Facts : Costs to Society A study by The Lewin Group for the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism estimated the total economic cost of alcohol and drug abuse to be $245.7 billion for 1992. Sources : Rice, 1999 1 ONDCP, 2001 2 Harwood, 2000 3 Substance Abuse Costs Our Nation More than $484 Billion per Year Heroin overdose of a young women, New York City 1992 Photo: B.W. “ Chasing the dragon” to no where Photo: B.W. Experience of an Ibogaine treatment provider finalĮxperiences of an Ibogaine Treatment Provider – from the Underground to Clinics By: Boaz Wachtel Background How to conduct a safe treatment Inclusion/exclusion criteria Screening Safety Dosage Watch over Common signs and symptoms After care discussion
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